A spinal headache is one that occurs after accidental puncture of the dura (tough membrane enveloping the brain and spinal cord) with an epidural needle. This can occur after placement of an epidural or spinal for anesthesia. The headache symptom is believed to be caused by leakage of cerebrospinal fluid

Preeclampsia is a serious condition diagnosed after 20 weeks gestation in patients with new onset of high blood pressure, evidence of protein in the urine, signs and symptoms, and possibly abnormal laboratory findings. It is further classified as either preeclampsia without severe features (also known

When the membranes rupture and there is leakage of amniotic fluid before the start of contractions, this is called premature rupture of membranes (PROM). When this occurs at term, the vast majority of women will deliver within 24 hours of membrane rupture. When this occurs in a preterm pregnancy, depending

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is also known as premenstrual dysphoria and is thought to occur in 3-5% of reproductive-age women. It is characterized by cognitive, mood, and physical disturbances. Cognitive symptoms include poor concentration or confusion. Mood disturbances include irritability, mood swings,

Preterm labor occurs when a patient begins labor before 37 weeks gestation. Preterm labor does not always lead to preterm birth. If it does lead to preterm birth, prematurity can increase the newborn's risk for many complications such as respiratory problems, cerebral palsy, and others. Any signs or

Pyelonephritis is an infection in the upper urinary tract (kidneys) and occurs in 1% of pregnant women. A patient with pyelonephritis in pregnancy may present with symptoms of burning with urination, urinary frequency, back pain, nausea, vomiting, fever, chills or uterine contractions. Pyelonephritis